英语长句子结构

　　英语长句是英语复杂语言现象的综合。一个长句,长度可以达到20字左右,最长的句子,有时可达100多字甚至200多字。由于英语和汉语在语言习惯上存在较大差异,英语长句的翻译比较困难。下面小编介绍英语长句子结构给大家，希望对大家有用。

　　英语长句子结构如下：

　　A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community(EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC's research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC's scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan. (199 阅读. Text 2)

　　【译文】根据欧洲经济共同体资深科学家在伊斯普拉（米兰附近）实验室所进行的实验表明，如果欧共体在太阳能供应这一领域的研究工作有些许增加，就能提前二十年取得该领域的突破。

　　【析句】多重复合句，主句为A breakthrough could be brought forward by two decades,could此处表示一种可能性，从句为if引导的条件状语从句，最后是according to引导表示参考的状语the senior EEC scientist,engaged in experiments为过去分词作定语。

　　The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community's solar energy programme, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three percent of the Community's energy requirements even after the year 200 (199 阅读. Text 2)

　　【译文】欧共体太阳能项目负责人、西德资深科学家Joachim Gretz先生告诉记者，以目前的研究支出水平，即使在2000年后太阳能也不可能为满足欧共体高达百分之三的能源需求。

　　【析句】主干为Mr. Hoachim Gretz told journalists that+宾语从句，人名前The senior West German scientist...programme是Mr.Joachim的同位语，是对其身份的说明。宾语从句中又包含一套主从句为it was most unlikely that+主语从句，it作形式主语。

　　This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. (199.Text 3)

　　【译文】亚裔学生对数学和科学专业情有独钟，其部分原因是因为这些来到国外求学的学生拥有牢固的数学基础，却几乎对英语一窍不通。

　　【析句】多重复合句，主句为THis special liking is partly explained by the fact,fact后是that引导的同位语从句说明fact的具体内容，同位语从句中又有主句和从句，主句为Asian American students arrived with a solid...English,句中who began their educations abroad作Asian American students的定语从句。

　　重点重点单词

　　senior ['si:nj?]

　　adj. 年长的，高级的，资深的，地位较高的

　　unlikely [?n'laikli]

　　adj. 不太可能的

　　engaged [in'geid?d]

　　adj. 忙碌的，使用中的，订婚了的

　　breakthrough ['breik.θru:]

　　n. 突破

　　modest ['m?dist]

　　adj. 谦虚的，适度的，端庄的

　　community [k?'mju:niti]

　　n. 社区，社会，团体，共同体，公众，[生]群落

　　provision [pr?'vi??n]

　　n. 规定，条款; 供应(品); 预备

　　It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. (199 阅读. Text 1)

　　【译文】这或许是对学生写作能力的尖锐批评，但也反映了教师的悲哀-他根本没读过这篇文章，而文章里包含了学生内心感受的优美表达。

　　【析句】多重复合句，句子主干为It may have been a sharp criticism..., but it was a sad refection of the teacher, but连接两个成转折关系的句子，其中，后句又包含两个从句：who had omitted to read the essay作定语从句修饰the teacher,而which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面的句子。

　　The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on he child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement. (199 阅读. Text 1)

　　【译文】教师关注错误不可厚非，但如果他更重视学生的想法的话，那么他表现出的失望本可以激发出学生更大的动力去改进。

　　【析句】本句的主干与例句一相似，都是由but连接两个句子，后句中，if his priorities had centered on...为条件状语从句，主句an expression of his disappointment would have given...。注意后句的时态搭配，主句would have given为虚拟式，从句用had centered on过去完成时。

　　In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. (199 阅读. Text 4)

　　【译文】1862年国会批准两家西部铁路公司修建从内布拉斯加往西和加利福利亚向东汇合的铁路，以便建成横跨大陆连接大西洋海岸和太平洋的十字路口。

　　【析句】本句结构比较简单，只有一个较长的句子Congress authorized two western railroad companies,so as to complete...为目的状语。难点在于from Nebraska westward and from California eastward的理解，很多同学理解成Nebraska西部和California东部，实际上，westward/eastward这里是形容词，意为“向西/向东”。

　　重点英语单词

　　technical ['teknik?l]

　　adj. 技术的，工艺的

　　presentation [.prezen'tei??n]

　　n. 陈述，介绍，赠与

　　n. [美]讲课

　　improvement [im'pru:vm?nt]

　　n. 改进，改善

　　disappointment [.dis?'p?intm?nt]

　　n. 失望，令人失望的人或事

　　pacific [p?'sifik]

　　n. 太平洋

　　adj. 太平洋的

　　contained [k?n'teind]

　　adj. 泰然自若的，从容的；被控制的 v. 包含

　　reflection [ri'flek??n]

　　n. 反映，映像，折射，沉思，影响

　　This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. (199 阅读. Text 3)

　　【译文】这通常发生在阅读遇到难题，或是我们的阅读期望与实际意义不符的时候。

　　【析句】本句结构比较简单，主句This is..., 特别的是两个when引导的表语从句，when we are running into...,when mismatch is occurring...为并列关系，都在is后作句子的表语。

　　There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is not to do with what is read but with how it is read. (199 阅读. Text 3)

　　【译文】在我们看来，另外一种对话同样重要，这种对话与读什么无关，却关系到怎么读。

　　【析句】复合句，主句由两部分组成，第一部分是there be结构，there is another conversation，后面是which引导的定语从句which is equally important, from our point of view作插入语；第二部分是that is not to do with...but with..., what is read和how is read作宾语，与with构成介宾结构。

　　It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level. (199 阅读. Text 3)

　　【译文】正是这种对话方式，对于提高我们的阅读能力以满足更高水平的学习所带来的新要求，极具重要性。

　　【析句】整体上看，这是一个强调句，标志性结构It is...that..., 省略后句子意义不变。因此，真正的主句是this kind of conversation is of importance，when we are seeking to develop...to meet...作时间状语从句，being placed upon us by...为过去分词作定语。